Introduction to JDBC in java

Introduction to JDBC in java
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Introduction to JDBC

Java Database Connectivity(JDBC) is an Application Programming Interface(API) used to connect Java application with Database. JDBC is used to interact with the various type of Databases such as Oracle, MS Access, My SQL and SQL Server. 

JDBC can also be defined as the platform-independent interface between a relational database and Java programming. It allows a java program to execute SQL statement and retrieve the result from the database.

What's new in JDBC 4.0

JDBC 4.0 is new and advance specification of JDBC. It provides the following advanced features

• Connection Management
• Autoloading of Driver Interface.
• Better exception handling
• Support for large object
• Annotation in SQL query.

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JDBC Driver

JDBC Driver is required to process SQL requests and generate a result. The following are the different types of driver available in JDBC.

• Type-1 Driver or JDBC-ODBC bridge
• Type-2 Driver or Native API Partly Java Driver
• Type-3 Driver or Network Protocol Driver
• Type-4 Driver or Thin Driver

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JDBC-ODBC bridge

Type-1 Driver act as a bridge between JDBC and other database connectivity mechanism(ODBC). This driver converts JDBC calls into ODBC calls and redirects the request to the ODBC driver.

Advantage

• Easy to use
• Allow easy connectivity to all database supported by the ODBC Driver.

Disadvantage

• Slow execution time
• Dependent on ODBC Driver.
• Uses Java Native Interface(JNI) to make ODBC calls.

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Native API Driver

This type of driver makes use of Java Native Interface(JNI) call on database specific native client API. These native client APIs are usually written in C and C++.

Advantage

• faster as compared to Type-1 Driver
• Contains additional features.

Disadvantage

Requires native library

The increased cost of application network

Protocol Driver

er translate the JDBC calls into a database server independent and Middleware server-specific calls. Middleware server further translate JDBC calls into database specific calls.

Advantage

• Does not require any native library to be installed.
• Database Independence.
• Provide facility to switch over from one database to another database.

Disadvantage

• Slow due to increase number of network call.

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Thin Driver

This is Driver called Pure Java Driver because. This driver interacts directly with the database. It does not require any native database library, that is why it is also known as Thin Driver.

Advantage

• Does not require any native library.
• Does not require any Middleware server.
• Better Performance than another driver.

Disadvantage

• Slow due to increase number of the network ca